MACCS: MAGNETOMETER ARRAY FOR CUSP AND CLEFT STUDIES

W.J. Hughes 1 and M.J. Engebretson 2

1 Center for Space Physics, Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts 02215, U.S.A.

2 Department of Physics, Augsburg College
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT --
The Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies (MACCS) is a
high latitude array of 8 high time resolution magnetometers
supplemented with high time resolution data from 4 standard observatories
in northeastern Canada. The array was installed between August 1992 and
August 1995 and is run cooperatively by Boston University
and Augsburg College with assistance from the Geological Survey of Canada
and the University of Alberta. Data is collected at either 1 or 2 samples
per second at a sensitivity sufficient to observe Pc 1-2 pulsations.
MACCS can be used to study high latitude ionospheric convection currents,
substorm currents, and ULF waves.

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Published Papers

Hughes, W.J.
ULF Waves in the Cusp and Cleft: Signatures of the Boundary Layer Processes,
in Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes,
(Eds. J.A. Holtet and A. Egeland) p.349, Kluwer Acad. Pub., Dordrecht, 1994

Engebretson, M.J.
Catching the Wave: ULF wave research in the U.S. since 1991,
Rev. Geophys., Supplement, U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy
and Geophysics, 1991-1994, 693, 1995.

Hughes, W.J., M.J. Engebretson, and E. Zesta
Ground Observations of Transient Cusp Phenomena: Initial results from MACCS,
in "Physics of the Magnetopause, Geophysical Monograph 90 edited by P. Song, B.U.O. Sonnerup, and M.F. Thomsen,
American Geophysical Union, 427, 1995.

Engebretson, M.J., W.J. Hughes, J.L. Alford, E. Zesta, L.J. Cahill, Jr.,R.L. Arnoldy, and G.D. Reeves
Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies Observations of the Spacial Extent of Broadband ULF Magnetic Pulsations at Cusp/Cleft Latitudes,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 19371, 1995.

Bristow, W.A., D.G Sibeck, C. Jacquey, R.A. Greenwald, G. Sofko, T. Mukai, T. Yamamoto,
S. Kokubun, T.J. Hughes, W.J. Hughes, and M.J. Engebretson
Observation of Convection Vortices in the Afternoon Sector Using the SuperDARN HF radars,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 19743, 1995.

Angelopoulos, V., D.G. Mitchell, D.J. Williams, R.W. McEntire, A.T.Y. Lui, R.B. Decker, S.M. Krimigis, E.C. Roelof, S.P. Christon, S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto, W.J. Hughes, J.C. Samson, E.Friis-Christensen, and K. Hayashi
Growth and Evolution of a Plasmoid Associated with a Small, Isolated Substorm:
IMP8 and GEOTAIL Measurements in the Geotail,
Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 3011, 1995.

Angelopoulos, V., Lui, A.T.Y., McEntire, R.W., Williams, D.J., Christon, S.P., Nakamura, M., Kusaka, H., Mukai, T., Kokubun, S., Yamamoto, T., Reeves, G.D., Friis-Christensen, E., and Hughes, W.J.,
Anisotropy reversals in the distant magnetotail and their association with magnetospheric substorms,
Journal Geomag. Geoelectr., 48, 629, 1996.

Angelopoulos, V., Mitchell, D.G., McEntire, R.W., Williams, D.J., Lui, A.T.Y., Krimigis, S.M., Decker, R.B., Christon, S.P., Kokubun, S., Yamamoto, T., Saito, Y., Mukai, T., Mozer, F.S., Tsuruda, K., Lepping, R., Reeves, G., Hughes, W.J.,, Friis-Christensen, E., and Troshichev, O.,
Tailward progression of magnetotail acceleration centers: relationship to substorm current wedge,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 24599, 1996.

Hughes, W.J., and M.J. Engebretson
MACCS: Magnetometer array for cusp and cleft studies, in the Satellite
- Ground Based Coordination Sourcebook,
ESA-SP-1198, edited by M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild, and H.J. Opgenoorth,
European Space Agency Publication, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands,
p. 119, 1997.

Moretto, T., E. Friis-Christensen, H. Lühr, and E. Zesta.
Global perspective of ionospheric traveling convection vortices:
Case studies of two Geospace Environmaental Modeling events,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 11597, 1997.

Dyrud, L. P., M. J. Engebretson, J. L. Posch, W. J. Hughes, H. Fukunishi, R. L. Arnoldy, and P. T. Newell.
Ground observations and possible source regions of two types of Pc 1-2 micropulsations at very high latitudes,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 27011, 1997.

Dyrud, L. P., M. J. Engebretson, J. L. Posch, W. J. Hughes, H. Fukunishi, R. L. Arnoldy, P. T. Newell, and R. B. Horne.
Conjugate ground observations and possible source regions of two types of Pc 1-2 pulsations at very high latitudes,
in "Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena," edited by J. Moen, A. Egeland, and M. Lockwood, NATO ASI Series Vol.
509, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 311-326, 1998.

Doolittle, J. H., S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, T. J. Rosenberg, A. T. Weatherwax, L. J. Lanzerotti,  C. G. Maclennan, R. L. Arnoldy, M. J. Engebretson, H. Fukunishi, and U. S. Inan,
Substorm auroral expansion to high latitudes and the dawn / dusk flanks,
Procs. Fourth International Conference on Substorms (ICS-4), Lake Hamana, Japan, 9-13 March 1998, 47-50, Terra Scientific Publications / Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998. 

Szuberla, C. A. L., J. V. Olson, M. J. Engebretson, B. J. Fraser, and W. J. Hughes.
Interstation Pc3 coherence at cusp latitudes,
Geophysical Research Letters., 25, 2381, 1998.

Engebretson, M. J., K.-H. Glassmeier, M. Stellmacher, W. J. Hughes, and H. Luehr.
The dependence of high-latitude Pc 5 wave power on solar wind velocity and on the phase of high speed solar wind streams,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 26271, 1998.

Knipp, D. J., B. A. Emery, M. J. Engebretson, X. Li, A. H. McAllister, T. Mukai, S. Kokubun, G. Reeves, D. Evans, T. Obara, X. Pi, T. Rosenberg, A. Weatherwax, M. G. McHarg, F. Chun, K Mosely, M. Codrescu, L. Lanzerotti, F. Rich, J. Sharber, and P. Wilkinson.
An overview of the early November 1993 geomagnetic storm,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 26197, 1998.

Pilipenko, V., O. Kozyreva, M. Engebretson, W. J. Hughes, S. Soloviyev, and K. Yumoto.
Coupling between substorms and ULF disturbances in the dayside cusp,
Proceedings of the International Conference on Substorms-4, Boston:
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 573, 1998.

Posch, J. L., M. J. Engebretson, A. T. Weatherwax, D. Detrick, W. J. Hughes, and C. G. Maclennan.
Characteristics of broadband ULF magnetic pulsations at conjugate cusp latitude stations,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 311, 1999.

Huang, C.-S., G. J. Sofko, D. Murr, W. J. Hughes, and T. Moretto.
High-latitude ionospheric convection during strong interplanetary magnetic field By,
Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 405, 1999.

Ohtani, S., G. Rostocker, K. Takahashi, V. Angelopoulos, M. Nakamura, C. Waters, H. Singer, S. Kokubun, K. Tsuruda, W. J. Hughes, T. A. Potemra, L. J. Zanetti, J. B. Gary, A. T. Y. Lui, and D. J. Williams.
Coordinated ISTP satellite and groung observations of morningside Pc5 waves,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 2381, 1999.

Amm, O., M. J. Engebretson, R. A. Greenwald, H. Luehr, and T. Moretto,
Direct Determination of IMF By-related cusp current systems, using SuperDARN radar and multiple ground magnetometer data -- a link to theory on cusp current origin,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 17187-17198, 1999.

Pilipenko, V. A., S. L. Shalimov, E. N. Federov, M. J. Engebretson, and W. J. Hughes,
Coupling between field-aligned current impulses and Pi 1 noise bursts,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 17419-17430, 1999.

Engebretson, M. J., D. L. Murr, W. J. Hughes, H. Luehr, J. L. Posch, T. Moretto, A. T. Weatherwax, T. J. Rosenberg, C. G. Maclennan, L. J. Lanzerotti, F. Marcucci, S. Dennis, G. Burns, J. Bitterly, and M. Bitterly,
A multipoint determination of the propagation velocity of a sudden commencement across the polar ionosphere,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 22433, 1999.

Pilipenko, V., E. Federov, N. Mazur, M. J. Engebretson, and W. J. Hughes,
Magnetohydrodynamic waveguide/resonator for Pc3 ULF pulsations at cusp latitudes,
Earth, Planets, and Space, 51, 441, 1999.

Solovyev, S. I., D. G. Baishev, E. S. Barkova, M. J. Engebretson, J. L. Posch, W. J. Hughes, K. Yumoto, and V. A. Pilipenko,
Structure of disturbances in the dayside and nightside ionosphere during periods of negative interplanetary magnetic field Bz,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 28019, 1999.

Zesta, E., W. J. Hughes, M. J. Engebretson, T. J. Hughes, A. J. Lazarus, and K. I. Paularena,
The November 9, 1993 traveling convection vortex event: a case study,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 28041, 1999.

Lyatsky, W.B., G.J. Sofko, A.V. Kustov, D. Andre, W.J. Hughes, and D. L. Murr,
Traveling convection vortices as seen by the SuperDARN HF radars,
Journal of Geophysical Research., 104, 2591, 1999.

Slinker, S.P., J.A. Fedder, W.J. Hughes, J.G. Lyon,
Response of the ionosphere to a density pulse in the solar wind: simulation of traveling convection vortices,
Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 23, 3549, 1999.

Moretto, T., A. Ridley, M. J. Engebretson, and O. Rasmussen,
High-latitude ionospheric response to a sudden impulse event during northward IMF conditions,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 2521, 2000.

Amm, O., K. Kauristie, T. I. Pulkkinen, M. J. Engebretson, R. A. Greenwald, H. Luehr, and T. Moretto,
Combining multi-point spacecraft and two-dimensional ground-based observations: Theory and example of an IMF By-related cusp current system,
Proc. Cluster-II Workshop on Multiscale / Multipoint Plasma Measurements, London, 22-24 September 1999, ESA SP-449, February 2000.

Szuberla, C. A. L., J. V. Olson, M. J. Engebretson, M. G. McHarg, and W. J. Hughes,
Spatiotemporal characteristics of cusp latitude spectra,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 7695, 2000.

Baishev D. G., E. S. Barkova, S. I. Solovyev, K. Yumoto, M. J. Engebretson, and A. V. Koustov,
Formation of large-Scale, "Giant" undulations at the equatorial boundary of diffuse aurora and Pc5 magnetic pulsations during the January 14, 1999 magnetic storm,
Proc. of Fifth International Conferences on Substorms, St. Petersburg, Russia, 16-20 May 2000, Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA, pp 427-430, 2000.

Makarov G. A., D. G. Baishev, A. V. Moiseyev, S. I. Solovyev, V. A. Pilipenko, M. Engebretson, and K. Yumoto,
High-latitude peculiarities of the geomagnetic SI impulse propagation meridional velocity during sharp decrease of solar wind density,
Proc. of Fifth International Conference of Substorms, St. Petersburg, Russia, 16-20 May 2000, Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA, pp 523-526, 2000.

Pilipenko, V. A., E. N. Fedorov, M. J. Engebretson, V. O. Papitashvili, and J. F. Watermann,
Poleward progressing quasiperiodic disturbances at cusp latitudes: The role of wave processes,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 27569-27587, 2000.

Lin, N., C. A. Cattell, M. J. Engebretson, R. P. Lepping, R. P. Lin, and S. Kokubun,
Substorm associated magnetotail field and plasma fluctuations: A case study,
Proc. of Fifth International Conference on Substorms, St. Petersburg, Russia,
16-20 May, 2000, Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA, ESA SP-443, pp. 623-626, 2000.

Huang, Chao-Song, D. Murr, G.J. Sofko, W.J. Hughes, T. Moretto,
Ionospheric convection response to changes of interplanetary magnetic field BZ component during strong BY component,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, A3, 5231, 2000.

Huang, Chao-Song, G.J. Sofko, A.V. Kustov, J.W. MacDougall, D.A. Andre, W.J. Hughes, V.O. Papitashivili,
Quasi-periodic ionospheric disturbances with a 40-min period during prolonged northward magnetic field,
Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 12, 1795, 2000.

Pilipenko, V., N. Kleimenova, O. Kozyreva, M. Engebretson, and O. Rasmussen,
Global ULF wave activity during the May 15, 1997 magnetic storm,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 63 (5), 489-501, 2001.

Kim, K.-H., N, Lin, C. A. Cattell, Y. Song, D.-H. Lee, M. Engebretson, H. Kawano, S. Kokubun, and T. Mukai,
Simultaneous satellite and ground observations of transient events near the morningside magnetopause,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 5743-5760, 2001.

Fedorov, E., V. Pilipenko, and M. J. Engebretson,
ULF Wave Damping in the Auroral Acceleration Region,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 6203-6212, 2001.

Murr, D.L., and W.J. Hughes,
Reconfiguration Timescales of Ionospheric Convection,
Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2145, 2001.

Ober, D.M., N.C. Maynard, W.J. Burke, W.K. Peterson, J.B. Sigwarth, L.A. Frank, J.D. Scudder, W.J. Hughes, and C.T. Russell,
Electrodynamics if the poleward auroral border observed by Polar during a substorm on April 22, 1998,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 5927, 2001.

Huang, C.-S., G.J. Sofko, A.V. Koustov, J.W. MacDougall, R.A. Greenwald, J.M. Ruohoniemi, J.P. Villain, M. Lester, J. Watermann, V.O. Papitashvili, and W.J. Hughes,
Long-Period magnetospheric-ionospheric perturbations during northward interplanetary magnetic field,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 13,091, 2001.

Lyatsky W., L.L. Cogger, B. Jackel, A.M. Hamza, W.J. Hughes, D. Murr, and O. Rasmussen,
Substorm development as observed by Interball UV imager and 2-D magnetic array,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 63, 1609-1621, 2001

Khan, H., S.W.H. Cowley, E. Kolesnikova, M. Lester, M.J. Brittnacher, T.J. Hughes, W.J. Hughes, W.S. Kurth, D.J. McComas, L. Newitt, C.J. Owen, G.D. Reeves, H.J. Singer, C.W. Smith, D.J. Southwood, and J.F. Watermann,
Observations of two complete substorm cycles during the Cassini Earth swing-by: Cassini magnetometer data in a global context,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 30141-30175, 2001

Pilipenko, V. A., and M. J. Engebretson,
Ground Images at high latitudes of ULF wave processes in the outer magnetosphere,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64, 183-201, 2002.

Ohtani, S., R. Yamaguchi, M. Nosé, H. Kawano, M. Engebretson, and K. Yumoto,
Quiet-time magnetotail dynamics and their implications for the substorm trigger,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, NO. A2, 1030, doi:10.1029/2001JA000116, 2002.

Pilipenko, V. A., O. V. Kozyreva, M. J. Engebretson, D. L. Detrick, and S. N. Samsonov,
Dynamics of long-period magnetic activity and energetic particle precipitation during the May 15, 1997 storm,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64, 831-843, 2002.

Pilipenko, V. A., E. Federov, and M. J. Engebretson,
Alfven resonator in the topside ionosphere beneath the auroral acceleration region
Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, NO. A9, 1257, doi:10.1029/2002JA009282, 2002.

Zesta, E., W. J. Hughes, and M. J. Engebretson,
A statistical study of traveling convection vortices using the Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, NO. A10, 1317, doi:10.1029/1999JA000386, 2002.

Amm, O., M. J. Engebretson, T. Hughes, L. Newitt, A. Viljanen, and J. Watermann,
A travelling convection vortex event study: Instantaneous ionospheric equivalent currents, estimation of field-aligned currents, and the role of induced currents,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, NO. A11, 1334, doi:10.1029/2002JA009472, 2002.

Engebretson, M. J., J. L. Posch, and W. J. Hughes,
Nonconjugate ULF wave power observed by ground magnetometers in the northern and southern dayside cusp/cleft/LLBL regions, in Earth's Low-Latitude Boundary Layer,
edited by P. T. Newell and T. G. Onsager,
Geophysical Monograph Series, col. 133, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., pp. 223-230, 2002.

Pilipenko, V. A., V. A. Martines-Bedenko, M. J. Engebretson, V. O. Papitashvili, and P. T. Newell,
High-latitude mapping of ULF activity, field-aligned currents, and DMSP-based dayside magnetospheric domains, in The Low-Latitude Boundary Layer & Its Dynamic Interaction with the Solar Wind & Mahnetosphere,
edited by P. T. Newell and T. G. Onsager,
Geophysical Monograph Series, vol. 133, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., pp. 231-240, 2002.

Kataoka, R., H. Fukunishi, L. J. Lanzerotti, T. J. Rosenberg, A. T. Weathermax, M. J. Engebretson, and J. Watermann,
Traveling convection vortices induced by solar wind tangential discontinuities,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, NO. A12, 1455, doi:10.1029/2002JA009459, 2002.

Moretto, T., M. Hesse, A. Yahnin, A. Ieda, D. Murr, and J.F. Watermann,
Magnetospheric signature of an ionospheric traveling convection vortex event,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 , 2002.

Murr, D. L., W.J. Hughes, A.S. Rodger, E. Zesta, H.U. Frey, and A.T. Weatherwax,
Conjugate Observations of Traveling Convection Vortices: The Field Aligned Current System,
Journal of Geophysical Research., 107, doi:10.1029/2002JA009456, 2002.

Zesta, E., W.J. Hughes, and M.J. Engebretson,
A Statistical Study of Traveling Convection Vortices using MACCS,
Journal of Geophysical Research., 107, 1317, doi:10.1029/1999JA000386, 2002

Posch, J. L., M. J. Engebretson, V. A. Pilipenko, W. J. Hughes, C. T. Russell, and L. J. Lanzerotti,
Characterizing the Long-Period ULF Response to Magnetic Storms,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(A1), 1029, doi:10.1029/2002JA009386, 2003.

Farrugia, C. J., V. K. Jordanova, M. P. Freeman, C. C. Cocheci, R. L. Arnoldy, M. Engebretson, P. Stauning, G. Rostoker, M. F. Thomsen, G. Reeves, and K. Yumoto,
Large-scale geomagnetic effects of May 4, 1998,
Adv. Space Res., 31(4), 1111-1116, 2003.

Shields, D. W., E. A. Bering III, A. Alaniz, S. E. M. Mason, W. Guo, R. L. Arnoldy, M. J. Engebretson, W. J. Hughes, D. L. Murr, L. J. Lanzerotti, and C. G. Maclennan,
Multi-station studies of the simultaneous occurrence rate of Pc 3 micropulsations and magnetic impulsive events,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, NO. A6, 1225, doi:10.1029/2002JA009397, 2003.

Murr, D.L., and W.J. Hughes,
Solar Wind Drivers of Traveling Convection Vortices,
Geophysical Research Letters, 30(7), 1354, doi:10.1029/2002GL015498, 2003.

Engebretson, M.J., J.L. Posch, and W.J. Hughes,
Nonconjugate ULF Wave Power Observed by Ground Magnetometers in the Northern and Southern Dayside Cusp/Cleft/LLBL Regions, in Earth's Low Latitude Boundary Layer,
(P.T. Newell, and T. Onsager, Eds.) AGU Geophys. Mono. Ser., v133, p. 223, American. Geophys. Union, Washington DC. 2003.

Solovyev, S. I., A. V. Moiseyev, D. G. Baishev, G. A. Makarov, K. Yumoto, and M. Engebretson,
Characteristics of the global geomagnetic response to quasi-periodic variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 43, 2, 172-180, 2003

Solovyev, S. I., A. V. Moiseyev, K. Yumoto, and M. Engebretson,
Characteristics of magnetospheric ionospheric disturbances during an increase of the solar wind dynamic pressure, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 43, 5, 579-592, 2003 

Solovyev, S. I., A. V. Moiseyev, K. Yumoto, and M. Engebretson,
Magnetosphere-ionosphere response to magnetosphere compression by the solar wind,
in Physics of Auroral Phenomena, Proc. XXVI Annual Seminar, Apatity, pp. 41-44, 2003.

Martines-Bedenko, V. A., V. A. Pilipenko, V. O. Papitashvili, M. J. Engebretson, J. F. Watermann, and P. T. Newell, Correspondence between ULF activity, field-aligned currents, and DMSP-based dayside magnetospheric domains,
Geomag. and Aeron. International, 4, N2, 141-151, 2003.

Fedorov E., V. Pilipenko, M. J. Engebretson, and T. J. Rosenberg,
Alfven wave modulation of the auroral acceleration region,
Earth, Planets, and Space, 56 (No. 7), 649-661, 2004.

Pilipenko, V., E. Fedorov, M. J. Engebretson, and K. Yumoto,
Energy budget of Alfven wave interactions with the auroral acceleration region,
Journal of Geophysical Research., 109, A10204, doi:10.1029/2004JA010440, 2004.

Chugunova, O., V. Pilipenko, M. Engebretson, and A. Rodger,
Coupling between substorms and ULF disturbances at polar latitudes,
Substorms-7, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Substorms, ed. N. Gannushkina and T. Pulkkinen, Helsinki, 115-118, 2004.

Chugunova, O. M., V. A. Pilipenko, and M. Engebretson,
Appearance of quasi-monochromatic Pc3-4 pulsations in the polar cap,
Geomag. Aeron., in English) vol. 44, No. 1, 47-54, 2004. 

Solovyev, S. I., A. V. Moiseyev, V. A. Mullayarov, A. Du, M. Engebretson, and L. Newitt,
Global geomagnetic response to a sharp compression of the Earth's magnetosphere and IMF variations on October 29, 2003,
Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya (in Russian), (Cosmic Research, in English) Vol. 42, No. 6, 622-631, 2004.

Solovyev, S. I., A.V. Moiseyev, M. J. Engebretson, and K. Yumoto,
Sudden geomagnetic impulse generation: Effect of variations in ionospheric conductivity,
Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya (in Russian), (Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, in English) vol. 44, No. 4, 453-462, 2004.

Korotova, G. I., D. G. Sibeck, H. J. Singer, T. J. Rosenberg, and M. J. Engebretson,
Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside transient event occurrence and motion in the ionosphere and magnetosphere,
Ann. Geophys., 22: 4197 - 4202, 2004.

Engebretson, M.J., T. G. Onsager, D. E. Rowland, R. E. Denton, J. L. Posch, C. T. Russell, P. J. Chi, R. L. Arnoldy, B. J. Anderson, and H. Fukunishi,
On the source of Pc 1-2 waves in the plasma mantle,
Journal of Geophysical Research., Vol. 110, No. A6, A06201, 10.1029/2004JA010515, 2005.

Solovyev, S. I., A. Moiseyev, M. Engebretson, and K. Yumoto,
Effect of the IMF orientation on formation and propagation of geomagnetic sudden impulse,
Geomagnetizm I Aeronomiya (in Russian), (Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, in English), Vol. 45, No. 3, 373-385, 2005.

Pilipenko, V. A., N. G. Mazur, E. N. Fedorov, M. J. Engebretson, and D. L. Murr,
Alfven wave reflection in a curvilinear magnetic field and formation of Alfvenic resonators on open field lines,
Journal of Geophysical Research., 110, A10S05, doi:10.1029/2004JA010755, 2005.

Dyrud L. P., and D. L. Murr,
Novel improvements to magnetospheric tomography using MHD,
J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10201, doi:10.1029/2006JA011695, 2006.

Engebretson, M. J., J. L. Posch, V. Pilipenko, and O. Chugunova,
ULF waves at very high latitudes,
in Magnetospheric ULF Waves:  Synthesis and New Directions, Geophysical Monograph Series 169, edited by K. Takahashi, P. J. Chi, R. E. Denton, and R. L. Lysak,  American Geophysical Union, 137-156, 2006.  

Khabarova, O., V. Pilipenko, M. J. Engebretson, and E. A. Rudenchik,
Solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field features before magnetic storm onset,
in Substorms VIII, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Substorms, edited by Mikko Syrjiano and Eric Donovan, 127-132, 2006. 

Pilipenko, V. A., I. I. Tchebotareva, M. J. Engebretson, J. L. Posch, and A. Rodger,
An attempt to locate substorm onsets using Pi1 signatures,
in Substorms VIII, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Substorms, edited by Mikko Syrjiano and Eric Donovan, 237-240, 2006.

Simms, L. E., M. J. Engebretson, J. L. Posch, and W. J. Hughes,
Effects of the equatorward auroral boundary location and solar wind parameters on Pc5 activity at auroral zone stations:  A regression analysis,
J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10217, doi:10.1029/2005JA011587, 2006.   

Coult, N., V. Pilipenko, and M. Engebretson